Cultural Evolution: People's Motivations are Changing, and Reshaping the World
Cambridge University Press
Edition: Reprint, 4/4/2019
EAN 9781108464772, ISBN10: 1108464777
Paperback, 291 pages, 22.8 x 15.1 x 1.6 cm
Language: English
Cultural Evolution argues that people's values and behavior are shaped by the degree to which survival is secure; it was precarious for most of history, which encouraged heavy emphasis on group solidarity, rejection of outsiders, and obedience to strong leaders. For under extreme scarcity, xenophobia is realistic: if there is just enough land to support one tribe and another tribe tries to claim it, survival may literally be a choice between Us and Them. Conversely, high levels of existential security encourage openness to change, diversity, and new ideas. The unprecedented prosperity and security of the postwar era brought cultural change, the environmentalist movement, and the spread of democracy. But in recent decades, diminishing job security and rising inequality have led to an authoritarian reaction. Evidence from more than 100 countries demonstrates that people's motivations and behavior reflect the extent to which they take survival for granted - and that modernization changes them in roughly predictable ways. This book explains the rise of environmentalist parties, gender equality, and same-sex marriage through a new, empirically-tested version of modernization theory.
Introduction
overview of this book
1. Evolutionary modernization and cultural change
2. The rise of postmaterialist values in the West and the World
3. Global cultural patterns
4. The end of secularization?
5. Cultural change, slow and fast
the distinctive trajectory of norms governing gender equality and sexual orientation
6. The feminization of society and declining willingness to fight for one's country
the individual-level component of the long peace
7. Development and democracy
8. The changing roots of happiness
9. The silent revolution in reverse
the rise of Trump and the authoritarian populist parties
10. The coming of artificial intelligence society.