The Civilianization of War: The Changing Civil–Military Divide, 1914–2014 (Human Rights in History)

Cambridge University Press
Edition: First Edition. Hardback. Dust Jacket., 8/9/2018
EAN 9781108429658, ISBN10: 1108429653

Hardcover, 344 pages, 23.5 x 15.8 x 2.3 cm
Language: English

Distinguishing between civilians and combatants is a central aspect of modern conflicts. Yet such distinctions are rarely upheld in practice. The Civilianization of War offers new ways of understanding civilians' exposure to violence in war. Each chapter explores a particular approach to the political, legal, or cultural distinctions between civilians and combatants during twentieth-century and contemporary conflicts. The volume as a whole suggests that the distinction between combatants and non-combatants is dynamic and oft-times unpredictable, rather than fixed and reciprocally understood. Contributors offer new insights into why civilian targeting has become a strategy for some, and how in practice its avoidance can be so difficult to achieve. Several discuss distinct population groups that have been particularly exposed to wartime violence, including urban populations facing aerial bombing, child soldiers, captives, and victims of sexual violence. The book thus offers multiple perspectives on the civil–military divide within modern conflicts, an issue whose powerful contemporary resonance is all too apparent.

Introduction
the civilianization of war and the unpredictable civil-military divide, 1914–2014 Andrew Barros and Martin Thomas
Part I. Who Fights? Combatants, Mobilization, and the Changing Nature of War
Sections 1. The 'Total War' Era, 1914–45
1. Doing the necessary
the declaration of London and British strategy, 1905–1915 John Ferris
2. Fighting the fifth column
the terror in republican Madrid during the Spanish Civil War Julius Ruiz
3. Moscow 1941
the rise and fall of the Soviet People's Militia (Narodnoe Opolchenie) Jean Lévesque
Section 2. The Cold War and Decolonization, 1945–2000
4. The collapsing civil-military divide in wars of decolonization
two case studies from the Indochina War (1945–54) Christopher Goscha
5. Parallel ambiguities
prisoners during the Algerian War of Independence Raphaëlle Branche
6. East Pakistan/Bangladesh 1971–72
how many victims, who, and why? Christian Gerlach
7. 'I wasn't a boy, I was a soldier'
militarization and civilianization in narratives of child soldiers in Africa's contemporary conflicts, c. 1990–2010 Stacey Hynd
Part II. A Moving Target
Strategic Bombing and Civilians, 1916–2014
8. The problems of opening Pandora's box
strategic bombing and the civil-military divide, 1916–39 Andrew Barros
9. Bombing civilians scientifically
operational research in Bomber Command, 1941–45 Victor Bissonnette
10. Creating a cordon sanitaire
US strategic bombing and civilians in the Korean War Alexander Downes
11. 'One hell of a killing machine'
how a civilian agency became the vanguard of America's War on Terror Chris Fuller
Part III. Civilian Protection and International Norms and Organizations
When and How Much?
12. Turn everyone into a civilian
René Cassin and the UNESCO project, 1919–45 Andrew Barros
13. Human rights is the continuation of war by other means
the United States and the creation of the United Nations Human Rights Commission, 1945–48 Olivier Barsalou
14. The United Nations, decolonization, and violence against civilians in the French and British Empires Martin Thomas
15. The 'protection of civilians'
peacekeeping's new raison d'être? Frédéric Mégret.