Schemas in Problem Solving
Cambridge University Press, 7/27/1995
EAN 9780521430722, ISBN10: 0521430720
Hardcover, 440 pages, 23.4 x 15.6 x 2.5 cm
Language: English
Originally published in English
Schemas in Problem Solving explores a theory of schema development and studies the applicability of the theory as a unified basis for understanding learning, instruction and assessment. The theory's prescriptions for teaching are direct, and its application to assessment suggests new directions for tests. After examining the roots of the theory in earlier work by philosophers and psychologists, Marshall illustrates the main features of her theory with experimental evidence from students who are learning to recognize and solve arithmetic story problems. She describes individual performance with traditional empirical studies as well as computer simulation. The computer simulation reflects an approach in modelling cognition. Marshall's model links neural networks with symbolic systems to form a hybrid model that uses pattern matching of sets of features as well as logical step-by-step rules.
Preface
Acknowledgements
Part I. Fundamentals
1. Schema roots
2. The nature of a schema
3. The schemas of arithmetic story problems
Part II. Schemas and Instruction
4. Theoretical issues for instruction
5. The story problem solver and the problem solving environment
two examples of schema-based instruction
Part III. Learning from Instruction
6. Learning and schema theory
7. Learning from schema-based instruction
8. The acquisition of planning knowledge
9. The diagram
marker and template
Part IV. Schemas and Assessment
10. Schema-based assessment
11. Assessment in SPS and PSE
Part V. Schema Models
12. Production systems, neural networks and hybrid models
13. The performance model
14. The learning model
15. The full schema model
16. Some concluding remarks on schema theory
Notes
References
Name index
Subject index.