Wind and Trees

Cambridge University Press, 8/24/1995
EAN 9780521460378, ISBN10: 0521460379

Hardcover, 504 pages, 22.9 x 15.2 x 3.2 cm
Language: English

Winds over topography and inside forests produce mechanical reactions in trees, and eventually failure in stems and roots when stressed by storms. The mechanics of these reactions and the physiological responses to wind in leaves, stems and root systems, and the important ecological consequences of wind-throw are described in this book. Management techniques of forests in windy climates are detailed, including the use of models predicting risk of wind damage. It is clear that the whole field of wind effects on trees has benefited from recent multi-disciplinary research, and significant advances in knowledge of most parts of the subject have been made in the last decade. This book brings the up-to-date theories, methodologies and results together, and gives the reader a sense of coherence in this complex but fascinating field.

Part I. Airflow over Topgraphy and in Forests
1. Turbulent airflow in forests on flat and hilly terrain
2. The interaction of the wind and tree movement in forest canopies
3. Edge effects on diffusivity in the roughness layer over a forest
4. A wind tunnel study of turbulent airflow in forest clearcuts
5. Testing of a linear airflow model for flow over complex terrain and subject to stable, structured stratification
6. Predicting windspeeds for forest area in complex terrain
Part II. Mechanics of Trees under Wind Loading
7. Understanding wind force on trees
8. Peak mechanical stress in sitka spruce stems
9. Experimental analysis and mechanical modelling of wind induced tree sways
10. Failure modes of trees and related failure criteria
11. An experimental investigation of the effects of dynamic loading on coniferous trees planted on wet mineral soils
12. Measurement of wind induced tree-root stresses in New Zealand
13. New methods for the assessment of wood quality in standing trees
Part III. Tree Physiological Responses
14. Wind induced physiological and developmental responses in trees
15. Responses of young trees to wind
16. Wind stability factors in tree selection
17. Development of buttresses in rainforest trees
Part IV. Impacts of Wind on Forests and Ecology
18. Hurricane disturbance regimes in temperate and tropical forest ecosystems
19. A comparison of methods for quantifying catastrophic wind damage to forests
20. Windthrow and airflow in a subalpine forest
Part V. Risk Assessment and Management Response
21. Assessing the risk of wind damage to forests
22. Forest wind damage risk assessment for environmental impact studies
23. Stem number regulation models and wind stability in Norway spruce stands
24. Thinning regime in stands of Norway spruce subjected to snow and wind damage
25. A synopsis of windthrow in British Columbia
26. Wind damage to New Zealand state plantation forests
27. The experience of the Selwyn Plantation Board, New Zealand.